The British Army led the Burma campaign against Japan and the British Pacific Fleet fought Japan at sea. Plainclothes police officers were dispatched into Brixton, and in five days almost 1,000 people were stopped and searched. [96] Slavery coupled with the Caribbean sugar industry had a significant role in strengthening and developing the British economy in the 18th century. After the riots in 1981 a series of murals were funded by the council. Some of the most commercially successful films of all time have been produced in the United Kingdom, including two of the highest-grossing film franchises (Harry Potter and James Bond). It was a gift from France, given to America in 1886. [283], The aerospace industry of the UK is the second- or third-largest national aerospace industry in the world depending upon the method of measurement and has an annual turnover of around £30 billion.[284]. Click on a coloured area to see an article about English in that country or region, Coordinates: 55°N 3°W / 55°N 3°W / 55; -3, This article is about the country. Im Buch gefunden – Seite 299... 1920 , Verslag van de Militaire Exploratie van Nederlandsch - Nieuw - Guinea ... London Williams , F.E. , 1924 , The Natives of the Purari Delta . As a result of the British Empire, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies including Australia, Canada, India, Ireland, New Zealand, Pakistan, South Africa and the United States; a common culture coined today as the Anglosphere. London - Counted among the world's largest monetary centres, London is the most populated city of both the United Kingdom and England. In this time, large expensive houses were constructed along the main roads in Brixton, which were converted into flats and boarding houses at the start of the 20th century as the middle classes were replaced by an influx of the working classes. In 2005, some 206,000 books were published in the United Kingdom and in 2006 it was the largest publisher of books in the world. [57], Some housing estates have been linked with urban decay and crime. Each council elects a Provost, or Convenor, to chair meetings of the council and to act as a figurehead for the area. 10 Christoph Regulski, Klippfisch und Steckrüben. Notable conductors include Sir Simon Rattle, Sir John Barbirolli and Sir Malcolm Sargent. Britain had still not recovered from the effects of the war when the Great Depression (1929–1932) occurred. [345], Coal production played a key role in the UK economy in the 19th and 20th centuries. The mosque provides religious, social and financial support to its members. [626] Shinty (or camanachd) is popular in the Scottish Highlands. [577] The British Empire facilitated a knowledge of Indian cuisine with its "strong, penetrating spices and herbs". Ashby's Mill, one of the few surviving windmills in London, was built in 1816, just off Brixton Hill and surrounded by houses built during Brixton's Victorian expansion. [604] England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland usually compete as separate countries in international competitions.[605]. Scotland accounts for just under one-third (32 per cent) of the total area of the UK, covering 78,772 square kilometres (30,410 sq mi). [90], In 2011, five of the most prominent members of the GAS Gang—Ricardo Giddings, Helder Demorais, Jamal Moore, Shaquille Haughton and Kyle Kinghorn—were sentenced to a total of 76 years in prison for the murder of rival gang member, fifteen-year-old Zac Olumegbon. A Short History of German Social Democracy (London, 1987), p. 92. [370], Historically, indigenous British people were thought to be descended from the various ethnic groups that settled there before the 12th century: the Celts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Norse and the Normans. The latest data from the 2011 census recorded that 48.4% of Londoners considered themselves to be Christian, 12.39% considered themselves Muslim, 5% Hindu, 1.82% Jewish, 1.5% Sikh, 1% Buddhist and 0.6% Other. [393], Because of differences in the wording of the census forms used in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, data on the Other White group is not available for the UK as a whole, but in England and Wales this was the fastest growing group between the 2001 and 2011 censuses, increasing by 1.1 million (1.8 percentage points). [117], By the mid 1920s most of the British population could listen to BBC radio programmes. The largest were the Belgae, the Brigantes, the Silures and the Iceni. [154] The Royal Greenwich Observatory in London was chosen as the defining point of the Prime Meridian[155] in Washington, DC, in 1884, although due to more accurate modern measurement the meridian actually lies 100 metres to the east of the observatory. Last updated: Apr 19, 2021. A large proportion, 20.73% of respondents, stated that they followed no religion. [286][287], Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanised and efficient by European standards, producing about 60 per cent of food needs with less than 1.6 per cent of the labour force (535,000 workers). [145], Around the end of the 20th century, there were major changes to the governance of the UK with the establishment of devolved administrations for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. It housed the largest shopping centre in south London at the time, as well as a thriving market, cinemas, pubs and a theatre. [27][223], The 14 British Overseas Territories are remnants of the British Empire: they are Anguilla; Bermuda; the British Antarctic Territory; the British Indian Ocean Territory; the British Virgin Islands; the Cayman Islands; the Falkland Islands; Gibraltar; Montserrat; Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; the Turks and Caicos Islands; the Pitcairn Islands; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; and Akrotiri and Dhekelia on the island of Cyprus. Its engines power more than 30 types of commercial aircraft and it has more than 30,000 engines in service in the civil and defence sectors. [524][525] Historically, a number of Irish writers, living at a time when all of Ireland was part of the United Kingdom, also spent much of their working lives in England. Introduction . Sir Harrison Birtwistle is one of the foremost living composers. Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. [270] Tourism is very important to the British economy; with over 27 million tourists arriving in 2004, the United Kingdom is ranked as the sixth major tourist destination in the world and London has the most international visitors of any city in the world. During the Second World War, the UK was one of the Big Three powers (along with the U.S. and the Soviet Union) who met to plan the post-war world;[126][127] it was an original signatory to the Declaration by United Nations. [190] The prime minister is appointed by the monarch[191] and their appointment is governed by constitutional conventions. [534][535] Andrew Lloyd Webber is a prolific composer of musical theatre. [74] Opened in 1990 it is one of the oldest mosques in south London. The flag of the United Kingdom is the Union Flag (also referred to as the Union Jack). This was followed by slum clearances and the building of council housing. [83][84], In the mid-17th century, all three kingdoms were involved in a series of connected wars (including the English Civil War) which led to the temporary overthrow of the monarchy, with the execution of King Charles I, and the establishment of the short-lived unitary republic of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland. [509][510][511] The 20th-century English crime writer Agatha Christie is the best-selling novelist of all time. Im Buch gefunden – Seite 72... Altersklassen starben jährlich auf eine Million Einwohner an Krebs: Alle ... 150 385 627 | 1341 | 2808 | 4651 7053 | 9386 | 11.157 | 12.280 London 1920 ... She holds Poseidon's three-pronged trident and a shield, bearing the Union Flag. Brixton lies within the Anglican Diocese of Southwark. [184] Nearly all prime ministers have served as First Lord of the Treasury[185] and all prime ministers have continuously served as First Lord of the Treasury since 1905,[186] Minister for the Civil Service since 1968[187] and Minister for the Union since 2019. [368] The Office for National Statistics published a bulletin in 2015 showing that, out of the UK population aged 16 and over, 1.7 per cent identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual (2.0 per cent of males and 1.5 per cent of females); 4.5 per cent of respondents responded with "other", "I don't know", or did not respond. Though previous attempts at uniting the two kingdoms within Great Britain in 1606, 1667, and 1689 had proved unsuccessful, the attempt initiated in 1705 led to the Treaty of Union of 1706 being agreed and ratified by both parliaments. ", "The troubles were over, but the killing continued. [493] Scotland first legislated for compulsory education in 1496. Today, Brixton Road is the main shopping area, fusing into Brixton Market. [460] The ONS reported that net migration rose from 2009 to 2010 by 21 per cent to 239,000. [564] Manchester played a role in the spread of dance music such as acid house, and from the mid-1990s, Britpop. ", "How has Brixton really changed? It shares a border with Malaysia in the northern part of Borneo and with Papua New Guinea in the centre of New Guinea. [154], The UK contains four terrestrial ecoregions: Celtic broadleaf forests, English Lowlands beech forests, North Atlantic moist mixed forests, and Caledon conifer forests. [122] The Irish Free State became independent, initially with Dominion status in 1922, and unambiguously independent in 1931. They made him Prime Minister."[28]. Im Buch gefunden – Seite 188In London sank die Einwohnerzahl der City kontinuierlich , während sich im gleichen Zeitraum die Gesamtzahl der Einwohner der Stadt auf fast 7 Millionen ... Local government in Wales consists of 22 unitary authorities. Aiemmin Kreuzberg oli paitsi kaupunginosa, myös oma hallintoalueensa (Bezirk).Vuonna 2001 Kreuzbergin hallintoalue yhdistettiin Friedrichshainin kanssa Friedrichshain . [267] Since 1997 the Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee, headed by the Governor of the Bank of England, has been responsible for setting interest rates at the level necessary to achieve the overall inflation target for the economy that is set by the Chancellor each year. [359] Between 2001 and 2011 the population increased by an average annual rate of approximately 0.7 per cent. Some of the notable film score composers include John Barry, Clint Mansell, Mike Oldfield, John Powell, Craig Armstrong, David Arnold, John Murphy, Monty Norman and Harry Gregson-Williams. The UK is also closely linked with the Republic of Ireland; the two countries share a Common Travel Area and co-operate through the British-Irish Intergovernmental Conference and the British-Irish Council. [440] Throughout the 19th century a small population of 28,644 German immigrants built up in England and Wales. London's diversity can also be seen in statistics for London residents' country of birth. Beside the lion and the unicorn and the dragon of heraldry, the bulldog is an iconic animal and commonly represented with the Union Jack. [195], The geographical division of the United Kingdom into counties or shires began in England and Scotland in the early Middle Ages and was complete throughout Great Britain and Ireland by the early Modern Period. Im Buch gefunden – Seite 193... London 1919 ( Bd . I bis 1834 , Bd . II ( 1920 ] vom Chartismus bis 1920 ) ... über 20 000 Einwohner mit 16,94 für 1801 und 25,05 für 1831 eingetragen . [274], Following the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union, the functioning of the UK internal economic market is enshrined by the United Kingdom Internal Market Act 2020 which ensures trade in goods and services continues without internal barriers across the four countries of the United Kingdom. [260] The armed forces of the United Kingdom are managed by the Ministry of Defence and controlled by the Defence Council, chaired by the Secretary of State for Defence. World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision. Im Buch gefundenWenn im Jahre 1930 London mit 4,41 Millionen und Paris mit 2,87 Millionen Einwohnern im Vergleich zu 1920 etwas weniger dicht besiedelt schienen, ... In Northern Ireland water and sewerage services are also provided by a single public entity, Northern Ireland Water. (Der Titel geht nun an Moskau). [403][404] It is estimated that 95 per cent of the UK's population are monolingual English speakers. [344] In 2010[update] the UK had around 3.1 billion barrels of proven crude oil reserves, the largest of any EU member state. ", "STV in Scotland: Local Government Elections 2007", "Foster announces the future shape of local government", "Talking Politics: The West Lothian Question", "England-only laws 'need majority from English MPs, "Scotland's Parliament – powers and structures". New gates and iron bars have been constructed for the Loughborough Estate around Loughborough Road and Minet Road in response to a number of murders around the estate. [117] The high fatalities of trench warfare caused the loss of much of a generation of men, with lasting social effects in the nation and a great disruption in the social order. St Matthew's Church on part of the former common land was consecrated in 1824. [361], In 2017 the average total fertility rate (TFR) across the UK was 1.74 children born per woman. Im Buch gefunden – Seite 206Während um 1800 noch keine westliche Stadt eine Million Einwohner hatte, ... 1900 gab es schließlich elf Millionenstädte: London, Paris, Berlin, Chicago, ... [190] In particular, the prime minister recommends the appointment of ministers[190] and chairs the Cabinet. [548][549][550], The Beatles have international sales of over 1 billion units and are the biggest-selling and most influential band in the history of popular music. 148", "Welsh language on GOV.UK – Content design: planning, writing and managing content – Guidance", "UNdata | record view | Population by religion, sex and urban/rural residence", "Less religious and more ethnically diverse: Census reveals a picture of Britain today", "Demographic Yearbook – Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density", "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations", "World Economic Outlook database: April 2021", "Toponymic guidelines for the United Kingdom", The British Monarchy, "What is constitutional monarchy? The Jacobites were finally defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746, after which the Scottish Highlanders were brutally suppressed. [207], Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland each have their own government or executive, led by a first minister (or, in the case of Northern Ireland, a diarchal first minister and deputy first minister), and a devolved unicameral legislature. The spike in population in 1920 is a result of the Greater Berlin Act. [198], The organisation of local government in England is complex, with the distribution of functions varying according to local arrangements. The more rugged Highland region contains the majority of Scotland's mountainous land, including Ben Nevis which at 1,345 metres (4,413 ft)[163] is the highest point in the British Isles. Northern Ireland, separated from Great Britain by the Irish Sea and North Channel, has an area of 14,160 square kilometres (5,470 sq mi) and is mostly hilly. Einwohner, Rachel L. 1999. Saint-Germain, Treaty of. Section 8 ('Duty of local education authorities to secure provision of primary and secondary schools'), Sections 35–40 ('Compulsory attendance at Primary and Secondary Schools') and Section 61 ('Prohibition of fees in schools maintained by local education authorities ...'), Education Act 1944. sfn error: no target: CITEREFEchard2017 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFLindberg_et_al.2005 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFPrownNewquist1997 (, Colin White (2010). The Giant Causeway is a place with around 40,000 interlocking balsam columns. [339] The UK is home to a number of large energy companies, including two of the six oil and gas "supermajors" – BP and Royal Dutch Shell. [333][334], In the year from October 2009 to September 2010 UK airports handled a total of 211.4 million passengers. [197] As the British Empire expanded, so did London's importance as one of the world's major trading cities, and shortly after 1800, London reached the 1,000,000 resident milestone for the first time. [182] The Conservative Party, Labour Party and Scottish National Party are, respectively, the current first, second and third largest parties (by number of MPs) in the House of Commons. [592] In 2010, 82.5 per cent of the UK population were Internet users, the highest proportion amongst the 20 countries with the largest total number of users in that year. [332] Crossrail, under construction in London, is Europe's largest construction project with a £15 billion projected cost. The Census in the United Kingdom takes place every ten years, with the most recent one completed in 2011. It was written in Cumbric or Old Welsh and contains the earliest known reference to King Arthur. According to the Metropolitan Police, these youth gangs are far from organised criminal masterminds; however, they continue to evade the police and have been responsible for numerous offences of homicide. [188][189] In modern times, the prime minister is, by constitutional convention, an MP. Paddick asserts that he implemented the policy because he wanted his officers to deal with cannabis quickly and informally so that they could concentrate on heroin and crack cocaine offences, and street robbery and burglary, which were affecting the quality of life in Lambeth to a greater extent. [91], Members of local gangs are mostly in their late teens or early 20s, with gang leaders usually being childhood friends. At the time Lambeth had the highest rate of robberies in London. [490][491], Education in Scotland is the responsibility of the Cabinet Secretary for Education and Lifelong Learning, with day-to-day administration and funding of state schools the responsibility of Local Authorities. [573] Ealing Studios has a claim to being the oldest continuously working film studio in the world. [81] In what was to become Northern Ireland, the lands of the independent Catholic Gaelic nobility were confiscated and given to Protestant settlers from England and Scotland. [278][279] British merchants, shippers and bankers developed overwhelming advantage over those of other nations allowing the UK to dominate international trade in the 19th century. [402], The UK's de facto official language is English. [496], The Welsh Government's Minister for Education has responsibility for education in Wales. Abdallatif's, eines arabischen Arztes, Denkwürdigkeiten Egyptens. The Metropolitan Police hoped that "the searches will deter suspects from carrying weapons and prevent shootings taking place, as well as possibly recovering weapons and leading to arrests. However 362 years ago it was a very different scene, for the Cotswolds were the setting for bloody battles and violent skirmishes during the English Civil War. Read and learn more about Johannesburg here. Im Buch gefunden – Seite 17Einwohner ( 40 % Katholiken , 60 % Protestanten ) , Hauptstadt : Belfast . ... der Republik Irland 1920/21 nach einer Volksabstimmung zur Abtrennung von ... A series of Jacobite Uprisings sought to remove the Protestant House of Hanover from the British throne and restore the Catholic House of Stuart. Im Buch gefunden – Seite 734Sowjetarmenien mit etwa 1300000 Einwohnern ist übervölkert, die Unterbringung der ... Armenia and Kurdistan, Handbook of the Foreign Office, London 1920. [citation needed]. It plays leading roles in the UN and NATO. [153] In 1993 10 per cent of the UK was forested, 46 per cent used for pastures and 25 per cent cultivated for agriculture. At the time the River Effra flowed from its source in Upper Norwood through Herne Hill to Brixton. [264], According to sources which include the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute and the International Institute for Strategic Studies, the UK has either the fourth- or the fifth-highest military expenditure. [447] After the Second World War, many people immigrated from colonies and former-colonies in the Caribbean and Indian subcontinent, as a legacy of empire or driven by labour shortages. ‘White Africans’ may also have been recorded under ‘Other White’ and then included under ‘White’ for UK. More recently the modernist and nationalist Hugh MacDiarmid and Neil M. Gunn contributed to the Scottish Renaissance. [153] The temperature varies with the seasons seldom dropping below −20 °C (−4 °F) or rising above 35 °C (95 °F). [428], In the 2001 census 71.6 per cent of all respondents indicated that they were Christians, with the next largest faiths being Islam (2.8 per cent), Hinduism (1.0 per cent), Sikhism (0.6 per cent), Judaism (0.5 per cent), Buddhism (0.3 per cent) and all other religions (0.3 per cent). Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps. [85] The "Poverty Driven Children"/"Peel Dem Crew" (PDC) are located in the Angell Town and Loughborough Junction area. The section on ethnicity below, compiled using 2011 census data from the ONS provides details of the ethnicity of London residents compared to residents of England and Wales. In the decades-long process of European integration, the UK was a founding member of the alliance called the Western European Union, established with the London and Paris Conferences in 1954. [210], The Scottish Government and Parliament have wide-ranging powers over any matter that has not been specifically reserved to the UK Parliament, including education, healthcare, Scots law and local government. [109] The British Empire was expanded to include India, large parts of Africa and many other territories throughout the world. [425] This has led some commentators to variously describe the UK as a multi-faith,[426] secularised,[427] or post-Christian society. It is also rich in a number of natural resources including coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead, silica and an abundance of arable land. [19] The arrival of the passengers has become an important landmark in the history of modern Britain, and the image of West Indians filing off its gangplank has come to symbolise the beginning of modern British multicultural society.
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